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Pest Profile: Fleas
Fleas are small, windless insects that are just 1-3 mm long when they are adults. Their shape, which is rather flattened along the length of the body, allows them to move easily through fur or feathers. They also have tremendously strong legs for such little creatures, enabling them to jump significant distances. While fleas are most commonly associated with infesting pets, they can also take up residence in homes without pets if wildlife is present nearby.
Last Updated: December 23, 2025
Fleas Biology and Life Cycle
During their lives, fleas go through a complete metamorphosis process, encompassing four stages. They go from egg to larva, pupa, and adult, with female fleas laying dozens of eggs per day to get the cycle started. These eggs can be deposited in many places, including in pet bedding, carpets, or furniture.
It takes only a few days for flea eggs to hatch, at which time the larvae start to move deep into protected areas to avoid light and look for organic matter on which to feed. The life cycle process can be finished in just two or three weeks, and the adult fleas can survive for extended periods after they emerge.
Fleas Habitat and Behaviour
Most fleas will spend their adult lives on animal hosts. This is where they both feed and reproduce. Among the common hosts favoured by fleas includes cats, dogs, rodents, and wildlife.
Fleas do bite humans, and those bites will appear as small, itchy red bumps. The bites are often found on the lower legs or ankles. Pets who are infested with fleas may exhibit symptoms like itching, hair loss, skin infections, and anemia.
Fleas Treatment Options
Effective flea control starts with treating the affected animals. Using vet-recommended flea treatments can help to kill the adult fleas and prevent reproduction. Once the pet has been treated safely, the home can be targeted. Treatments for indoor flea populations include vacuuming pet areas thoroughly, washing pet bedding, and applying targeted insecticide treatments to carpets and cracks.
Fleas FAQs
Q: Can fleas live in a home without pets?
A: Yes, fleas can survive without pets if there is wildlife present in the area, or if previous occupants had pets that carried fleas. Once inside the home, they can persist for long periods in carpets and furniture.
Q: Are flea bites dangerous to humans?
A: Most flea bites are not dangerous, but they are irritating. It’s possible for skin infections to stem from scratching flea bite areas, and some people may have an allergic reaction.
Q: Why do fleas keep coming back after treatment?
A: Flea pupae can remain dormant and emerge weeks later, which is why follow-up treatment appointments are so important.
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